Sunday, December 29, 2019

World Trade Organisation and Economic Globalisation - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2802 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? World Trade Organization and Economic Globalization Table of Contents Introduction Task 1: Role of WTO in Driving Globalization of Worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Economy Major Functions of WTO Exceptional Governance of Trading Issues Stimulation of Economic Growth and Employment Policing Makes Life Easier for All More Choice of Products and Qualities for People WTO As a Forerunner of Raising Income with Economic Globalization WTO Saves Governments from Lobbying Cutting Living Costs Constructive Handling of Disputes among Members Verdict Task 2: Claims Regarding Discriminating Policies of WTO in Favor of Northern Countries WTO Policies Against Environmental Regulation Promotion of Interests of Big Corporations Rich Country Lobbies Why WTO Policies Doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t Offer Advantage to Developing Countries Intellectual Property Enforcement and Discriminate Rules Against Trade Blocks Monopoly of the US an d Northern Countries in Shaping Policies of WTO Impact of WHO on Policies of WTO Conclusion Bibliography . Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "World Trade Organisation and Economic Globalisation" essay for you Create order Introduction The World Trade Organization, formerly called as General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), is a governing body for driving international trade and policing the trade rules. The organization officially took its charge in 1995 on the basis of Marrakech Agreement, signed by 123 nations. The organization provides a framework for negotiation and formalizing agreements among member countries. It aims to lower the trade barriers and encourage countries to trade with each other. WTO faces most of the issues from previous trade negotiations such as Uruguay Round. Task 1: Role of WTO in Driving Globalization of Worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Economy Major Functions of WTO The Canada, European Union, Japan, and the US are the four biggest traders in WTO. Their trading policies are reviewed every two years. WTO settles disputes related to trading among member countries. WTO also trains the developing countries for trading. The organization provides information about successful marketing techniques. WTO contributes a lot in making global economic policy. WTO promotes fair competition between countries and inspires trade liberalization for accelerating economic growth and economic globalization. WTO aims to reduce poverty in developing countries by involving them in international trade. Exceptional Governance of Trading Issues The focus of different organizations on governance of international trade has increased considerably. A number of scholars have criticized and dictated the role of World Bank and IMF to member states and to the goals, priorities they set for each agency. In these cases, these organizations failed to inspire economic growth in developing countries. WTO aims to remove these deficiencies that are hurdles in globalization of world economy. WTO drives a suite of legal agreements among different states. It serves more than just a set of agreements. It facilitates trading among member countries by throwing away all the barriers and settling their disputes. Indeed, WTO servers the function of exceptional governance of trading issues and problems. Stimulation of Economic Growth and Employment The relationship between trade and employment opportunities is complex. The better the trading, there will be more employment opportunities. It is also true that competition in imports will lead to pressure on producers, and force them to lay off workers. WTO motivates countries to take part in international trading to achieve high living standards, full employment, and sustainable development. The developed countries can open their markets very easily and open economies grow faster and steadily as compared to closed economies. As a result, there will be more job opportunities in growing economy. Policing Makes Life Easier for All The policies and rules set by WTO makes trading quite easy and negotiation free to the maximum extent. WTO doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t claim to make all countries equal. However, it plays its role in reducing the economic difference between member countries. The decisions are never imposed on countries. Rather the rules are passed with consensus of member countries. Rich and poor countries carry equal rights to challenge each other on rules. The approach, towards equality of trading countries, makes life easy for all. More Choice of Products and Qualities for People The international trading increased the choice of products for people. You can import items that are not found in your country and export the ones that are abundant. You can cut flowers from any part of the world, all sorts of electronic items, goods, music, movies, and so on. WTO As a Forerunner of Raising Income with Economic Globalization International trade is a vital source for raising income levels in a country. WTO lowers trade barriers and allows countries to trade products and services. These tactics increase the flow of assets in national and personal incomes. However, some adjustment is still required. WTO Saves Governments from Lobbying WTO rules help governments to adopt a balanced approach towards international trading. The governments are able to defend themselves against lobbying from narrow interest groups. The countries prefer interest of everyone to boost globalization of world economy. Cutting Living Costs The consumers need to buy food, clothing, necessities and luxuries. These items are affected by trade policies. The global system of trade introduced by WTO increase the chances of international trade. It applies the principle of non-discrimination. These strategies result in reduced cost of production (because imports used in the production are cheaper) and reduced prices of goods and services. Hence, the cost of living will be lowered accordingly. Constructive Handling of Disputes among Members As trade expands in number of products and the number of parties involved, the probabilities of arising disputes increase. The role of WTO is quite important in this regard. WTO resolves these disputes peacefully and in a constructive manner. It is obligation of countries to bring their trade disputes to WTO and not to act unilaterally. WTO has dealt with around 300 disputes ever since it was created around 20 years ago. Had WTO not resolve these conflicts, there would have been more political issues. Verdict In short, the role of WTO in managing international trade and driving globalization of economy carries significant importance in the growing economies of member countries. The actions and policies play a central role in solving conflicts, lowering trade barrier, improving employment opportunities, easing out life for members, and much more. Task 2: Claims Regarding Discriminating Policies of WTO in Favor of Northern Countries The stated core objective and aim of WTO is to promote free trade and stimulate economic growth. The actions and policies of WTO face strong criticism on the face of widening the social gap between rich and poor countries. According to Martin Khor (Khor 2000), WTO doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t manage international trade on non-discrimination policies. It contains a systematic bias towards stronger countries that are economically rich. The policies of WTO harm smaller countries which carry less negotiation power. Some suggested examples to support these arguments are presented as follows: Rich countries can easily maintain high import duties and quotas in certain products, while blocking imports from developing countries. The non-tariff barriers like anti-dumping measures play against developing countries. The agriculture is highly protected in developed countries. On the other hand, the developing countries are forced to open their markets. Many developing countries donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have sufficient resources to follow the negotiations and take part actively in Uruguay Round. The developing countries are limited from utilizing some technology that originates from abroad in their local systems (including medicines and agricultural products). According to Khor, the Northern countries have not lived up to their agreements in implementing their obligations with reference to various policies. Khor also argues that Doha Round negotiations have been oriented towards development-friendly outcomes. The developing countries are pressurized to open their agricultural, industrial, and other sectors (Khor 2007). WTO Policies Against Environmental Regulation Steve Charnovitz, former Director of the Global Environment and Trade Study, asserted that WTO should address the environmental aspects of increasing the international trade. The increased trade among various countries would cause adverse effect to environment that cannot be traded off with the benefits offered by growing economy (Charnovitz 2000). Promotion of Interests of Big Corporations The policies of WTO seem to support big corporations in the developed countries. According to Martin Knor, the trade measures have become a vehicle for social organizations and big corporations to boost their own interests (Khor 2002). Rich Country Lobbies Bhagwati researched a lot about rich country lobbies in favor of their own interests. He has criticized the introduction of TRIPs into the WTO framework. Such non-trade agencies would control the overall function of organization in a negative way. The TRIPS have resulted in reduced welfare for developing countries and rest of the world as a whole (Bhagwati 2005). Why WTO Policies Doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t Offer Advantage to Developing Countries The international trade policies of WTO are oriented towards reducing the discrimination between member countries. However, the design and implementation of policies make it difficult for developing countries for fully utilizing the core objectives of WTO. Some of the WTO agreements and policies lead to imbalances in favor of developed countries. One of the core objectives of WTO is to enhance member states, and access to member markets, has been realized in an imbalanced fashion, leading to the detriment of developing countries. The stipulations and rules of WTO contribute towards reducing the policy space of developing countries. This condition hampers their pursuance of national interests aimed at boosting economic development. A lot of these asymmetries could be attributed to governance structure of WTO which explains why international trade negotiations have preserved such imbalanced outcomes. WTO must develop some advanced trade regime that facilitates most sustainable integration of developing countries into the world economy. The efforts of WTO should be aligned towards benefitting developing countries equally from its policies and mitigate the hindrances in this regard. Intellectual Property Enforcement and Discriminate Among the Great Bargain agreements, there was also an agreement of Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) (Bernhardt 2014). This agreement was initiated by the advanced economies who aimed to force developing countries to recognize their intellectual property. The TRIPS agreement requires the members to set minimal standards for the protection of complete range of their intellectual property. It contains plenty of imbalances from North-South perspective. First, it plays in the favor of global uniformization of IPR regimes according to Northern standards which burdens the Southern countries a lot in relation to adjustment costs. The TRIPS require IPR protection to around 20 years in virtually all fields of technology. Previously, many developing countries had extremely relaxed IPRs. Strict IPR conditions result in more economic costs for developing countries. In addition to the adjustment and implementation costs, there are also welfare costs for firms which a re using foreign patented or newly patentable knowledge and also for consumers who have to pay higher prices for patented products. Figure 1: Low and Middle income countries, flow of royalty and license fee in BoP (Million US $, 1985-2009). (Bernhardt 2014) It is obvious from the figure that international payments for licenses and royalties from developing countries increased tremendously since the TRIPs agreement. Northern countries contain 86% of all worldwide patents and receive 97% of all patent royalties. This situation makes very difficult for developing countries to access technology and to enter the innovation process. Rules Against Trade Blocks The countries that form trade blocks, get involved in inter-governmental agreements to promote narrow-level trading in a certain region. They trade with each other more as compared to the rest of the world. The regional blocks damage the process of further trade liberalization (Zissimos n.d.). The current dispute over bananas between the US and the EU is a case to consider in the blocking regard. According to the US claims, EU countries are providing favored access to banana producers from former colonies. They have closed imports from US owned banana plantations. The European Union has asked the members to take firm stand against US objections. In certain situations, it is good to have combined power to stand against a foreign body. However, the situation with bananas doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t fall in this category. The European consumers are paying the quote rent in an excess amount. The quota rent is basically the difference between the market value of buying bananas elsewh ere and high priced protected bananas. Less than 10% quota goes into the hands of developing countries. The rules of WTO are formulated to ensure that creation of trade block increases the multilateral liberalization process. The countries may form blocks if they are willing not to become protectionist towards outsiders. The purchasing powers of block countries increase, while that of outside countries decreases. It is due to the fact that the members could purchase outsidersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ items more cheaply. So, there should be limit to the expansion that we should expect from blocks. Monopoly of the US and Northern Countries in Shaping Policies of WTO The northern countries and US impose non-tariff trade barriers for developing countries. Due to these barriers, the market access for the developing countries is severely restricted. WTO addresses these non-tariff barriers, but the rules are limited in their effect on the progress of non-industrial nations into Northern markets (Bernhardt 2014) The non-tariff barrier could take several shapes. Anti-dumping rule is a good example in this regard. This rule prevents selling goods below cost. The real problem is their application. Each country can set its own standard and have its own calculations method for determining the price of imports. The current system of calculations increases the likelihood of dumping. The number of anti-dumping claims has grown significantly. The Northern countries always seem to protect their own benefits. They would love to deal with the consequences of competitive imports for entering into foreign markets. Their policies would never take care of ind ustries that are under tremendous pressure from anti-dumping laws. Some other forms of non-tariff trade barriers are quantitative restrictions and technical standards. All these barriers reduce the expectations of Southern countries to enter into Northern markets. These factors clearly highlight North-South imbalance in market access. After the implementations of Uruguay Round commitments, the tariffs from developed countries against purchasing goods from developing countries was on average four times more as compared to that traded from other developed countries. Impact of WHO on Policies of WTO The officials of WHO and WTO always keep a close eye on the relation between international trade and public health. WTO itself has passed many agreements related to health and health polices such as Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), and Trade in Services (GATS). WTO makes sure that the imports and exports of products are limited where they are dangerous for health of human, animals, and plants. Health is a serious constraint which subordinates the trade-related issues in most of the policies of WTO. The WTO members are given the right to determine the level of health protection they consider appropriate. Human health is given the supreme importance while making policies. WTO also ensures that the workplace abuse is minimized to the maximum extent. This abuse may include harassment against women and also forcing children to work beyond their capabilities. The developed countries are striving hard to bring the rules against chil d labor in the developing countries. WTO has passed some rules against child labor also. Unfortunately, unfair labor practices are followed in many developing countries. The workers in developing countries are subjected to exploitive and abusive working conditions that are dangerous for their health and safety. The proposed solution is that the organizations such as WHO should ensure that the trade rules and policies should be declared specifically to reduce workplace abuse and child labor (Stern 2003). Conclusion WTO plays a central role in governing and leading international trade. Unfortunately, some trade policies go in favor of Northern countries against Southern countries. The approach of WTO is still unbiased, but the circumstances and conditions donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t favor developing countries to take advantage of the WTO policies in a fair way. The unfair means creep in automatically due to various trade barriers and restrictions. As a result, the access of Southern products in Northern markets is restricted. Discrimination among member states arises due to the unintentional orientation of WTO policies in favor of Northern countries. WTO ensures that international trade is globalized by managing health rules and impact of trade blocks in Northern countries. Bibliography Bernhardt, T 2014, North-South Imbalances in the International Trade Regime:Why the WTO Does Not Benefit Developing Countries as Much as it Could, The Journal of Sustainable Development, vol 12, no. 1, pp. 123137. Bhagwati, J 2005, From Seattle to Hong Kong, Foreign Affairs 84 (7): Article 15. Charnovitz, S 2000, Addressing Environmental and Labor Issues in the World Trade Organization. Khor, M 2000, Rethinking liberalisation and reforming the WTO, THIRD WORLD RESURGENCE, pp. 4147. Khor, M 2002, How the South is Getting a Raw Deal at the WTO, Global Backlash: Citizen Initiatives for a Just World Economy, p. 154. Khor, M 2007, The WTOs Doha negotiations and impasse: A development perspective, Third World network (TWN). Stern, RMATK 2003, Labor Standards and the World Trade Organization, Ann Arbor, vol 1001, pp. 481091220. Zissimos, BAVD, The WTO: Friend or Foe of Free Trade?, CSGR Newsletter.

Friday, December 20, 2019

Censorship And Censorship Of The Internet - 1754 Words

Censorship of the Internet is on the rise in highly populated states today. Although the Internet is considered as one of the most significant tools for the public sphere, many users have decried the Internet’s benefits and seen the Internet as a ‘double-edged sword’. Even as the Internet connects most of the world and gives valuable access to information, the same tool allows access to material that may be considered dangerous or harmful. The recent increase in discussion on the act of censorship of the Internet is part of the reaction to institutionalised censorship, particularly governmental censorship, of a public tool. Since censorship describes the suppression of public information in order to hide content that may be considered objectionable or harmful to the audience, as determined by governments or institutions, this particular outcry stems from the idea that what is considered harmful to society is subjective and should not be judged by an institution al one. Censorship can then become detrimental towards society by suppressing the human right to freedom of expression as well as also becoming a tool in the act of limiting the rights of minorities. In contrast, supporters of Internet censorship focus on the protection of inappropriate and harmful information from children and communities. By censoring certain websites that provide content that are obscene or harmful to minors, illicit activities such as kidnappings or cyber-bullying become less common. WithShow MoreRelatedCensorship And Censorship Of The Internet985 Words   |  4 Pagesissue of Censorship of the Internet in America has become a trending topic. The internet has been commonly censored to comply with the Digital Millennium Rights Act, but in recent times our government has been requesting more aggressive censorship in order to provide a safer cyberspace. If the American government began to censor the internet, the restriction will result in suppression of freedom of t he press, hindering freedom of speech, and reduce the plethora of information on the internet. If AmericaRead MoreThe Censorship Of Internet Censorship3057 Words   |  13 Pages Internet Censorship Student’s Name: Institution Name: Internet Censorship Internet censorship refers to the suppression and control of what people can access, publish, or view on the cyberspace (Reynolds, 2014). It may be done by regimes or private firms at the command of the government. It can be a government’s initiative is or carried out by regulators. Organizations and individuals may practice self-censorship for religious, business or moral reasons to comply with societal normsRead MoreThe Internet and Censorship940 Words   |  4 PagesThe internet is a diverse pool of information that anyone nowadays can have access to. One of the more controversial topics that involves the internet, is the censorship of the internet. Internet censorship can be defined as the control or suppression of what can be accessed, published or viewed on the internet. It’s been hot topic in recent years because many government organizations have been trying to pass many reforms to help push the censorship of the internet, either directly or indirectlyRead More Internet Censorship1799 Words   |  8 PagesTechnologies Used In Internet Censorship and Control Murdoch (2013) opines the Internet as an entity where control is always fought over for by those that use it. He further demystifies the internet, breaking it down to the two protocols that define it. These are the transmission control protocol – TCP- and the Internet Protocol –Ip. It is these protocols that enable the connection of two separate networks to each other. The protocols enable the easy connection of separate networks, without theRead MoreInternet Censorship And The Internet941 Words   |  4 Pages More than two decades ago, the Internet was yet to be ubiquitous in the homes of the general public around the world. Today, global users of the Internet has surpassed the 3 billion mark, or approximately 45% of the world population, a trend that is not likely to slow down anytime soon (World Internet Users Statistics and 2015 World Population Stats, 2014). The idealistic vision of self-governance of the Internet has proved to be insufficient and threats to the Internet’s core principles areRead MoreThe Importance Of Internet Censorship1378 Words   |  6 PagesInternet Censorship The Internet has become a growing source of entertainment and information over the past years. As more and more people become familiar with the Internet, the potential of its contents grows rapidly, at an uncontrollable rate. With something such as the Internet, which contains virtually an infinite amount of space, more is being added than taken away. Therefore with the growing amount of users, the content grows as well. Different people use the Internet for different things withRead MoreCensorship on the Internet Essay908 Words   |  4 PagesCensorship on the Internet Five years after the first world wide web was launched at the end of 1991, The Internet has become very popular in the United States. Although President Clinton already signed the 1996 Telecommunication ActI on Thursday Feb 8, 1996, the censorship issue on the net still remains unresolved. In fact, censorship in cyberspace is unconscionable and impossible. Trying to censor the Internet its problematic because the net is an international issue, there is no standard forRead MoreInternet Censorship Essay1329 Words   |  6 PagesInternet Censorship Used Around The World Some people wonder who came up with the idea of internet censorship. Other people want to know which countries use it. Some ponder over the idea of what really is internet censorship. Internet censorship is controlling what can be viewed, and which sites can be used on the internet. Some things about internet censorship are countries that use it, and who started the idea of it. There are lots of countries that use internet censorship. A few of them are ChinaRead MoreInternet Censorship Essay886 Words   |  4 PagesInternet Censorship Presently, it seems that the Internet is playing a very important role in everyones daily life. This multipurpose network has many different functions useful for everyday work and entertainment. Due to the freedom of the Internet various debates and protests have come to disagree with its open form of communication. Because of the misuse of the internet many people believe that there should be some kind of internet censorship, while others are against internet censorshipRead More Internet Censorship Essay802 Words   |  4 PagesInternet Censorship Internet Censorship. What does this mean to us? What is restricted? Censorship is summarily defined as the suppression of objectionable material. That means that material such as pornography, militant information, offensive language, anti-religion, and racism would be restricted in use. Freedom would not only be restricted to material placed on the web, but also what you could access, and where you could explore. Should the right of Freedom of Speech be taken away from

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Marketing Planning and Mix Development for the DSO †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Planning and Mix Development for the DSO. Answer: Introduction For any organisation,marketing involves the identification of customer needs and recognizing the differences between groups of customers. organisations may not be able to do everything to satisfy every customer in their markets, this may be due to lack of needed resources. It also means that marketers have to be clever when targeting their offers at people that really want and need them(Dant Brown, 2009). In this manner this report conducts a market segmentation analysis of DSO by focusing on the Business to Business and Business to Customer segmentation so as to known what the group needs to do to gain customer loyalty and attract new markets. Target Market ( B2B) According to Mohr, (2009 ), the business to business markets the main aim of segmentation will involve research through clusters of the likeminded organisations in order to aloe for themarketing of the program to focus more on the subset of the prospect which are able to purchase the offering. Often there is a strong pressure to use customer segmentation in the business to business marketing as this will allow for the organisation to win competitive advantage since there is little to differentiate a product from the other. In this manner, the segmentation is also able to link strongly with the marketing strategy to achieve a sustainable differentiation position of the organisation. One of the importance of segmenting the DSC customer will transverse the many functional domains in the organisation, this will include the supply and demand side of the customers. also since the customer facing nature of marketing and sales, the domains will also typically represent the early adapters of segmentation schemes so as to support the planning purposes for the concert and the tactical operations. one of the way that this would be done is through improving the cross-sell campaign response rate when knowing exactly the kind of customers that have the highest propensity to attend the event or value propositions that are most likely to resonate with the target audience(Gottlieb, et al., 2014). Also the manager may decide to make reasonable assumptions with respect to the markets for the concert through key insights from the segmentation. Segmentation Model For the success of the DSO, a good segmentations model which is elegant, intuitive in the simplicity and the usefulness in the marketing settings. As in the previous studies, the segmentation will involve the relationship that the customer have with the art form of classical music and the relationship the customers have with the DSO. In this manner, the segmentation strategy for the institution will first require an understanding of this relationship and the attendance of the concert(Ta, et al., 2015). In this manner, such factors will be investigated with regard to the knowledge and art form and the desire to learn more. It will be important to find out the history of attendance on the live concert, the customer preference levels for the types of orchestras that the DSO presents. It will also look at the use of classical music recordings and he classical music radio, the openness when it comes to attending live concerts with no regard to the other factors. This is whether classical music attendance will be valued by the individual customers social reference group. The other strategy will be the use of data from the national public telephone survey, the analysis of cluster will also be employed to a create a segment model which will be based on the relations that the customers have with the art form. The other dimension will also entail a model that revolves around the relationships of the consumer with a specific orchestra. The institution will also have to look of the target customers have ever attended or considered attending. It will also look at whether they have ever purchased or repeatedly purchased, whether they are current or former buyers and the types of concerts that they have been purchasing(Churchill Iacobucci, 2004). It will also look at their most recent attendance and if they may in one way or another have friend or relatives that attend. Their kind of experience will also be looked at as to determine their attitude on the future of the attendance. Gaps Model for Improving DSO services As part of the B2B marketing, the DSO can also use the Gaps model do describe its service quality through analyzing the perceived and expected services. For an organisation to be able to examine the service quality, the gaps model looks at five potential service quality gaps which can be useful in providing unique services to their audience. The first four models looks at the ways that the service provider will give to the audience(Campbell Brown, 2011). By analyzing the four gaps, DSO will be able to determine reasons for differences between the perceived services and expected services. In this manner they will be able to take steps that will ensure they have eliminated the gap that is most apparent to the customer. Managing the perception of expectations from the customers When the organisation is able to measure the service quality it provides to its customer, it is one of the challenges that comes through due to the fact that it is determined by other intangible factors. Unlike a product that has physical features which is measured in a much more objective manner, the entertainment quality will contain other psychological features. According to the authors of the gaps model of service quality, they also came up with a multiple item scale known as the SERVQUAL with is used in measuring the quality of service provided by the company. The principal measure of the quality of service is focused in measuring the gap between the service and the dimension of the audience. These dimensions of services will also be used by the customer as a way of judging the quality of services that they receive from time to time. Dant Brown, (2009) also defined the gap between the service and the customers for the 10 dimensions that include; responsiveness, reliability, courtesy, competence, security, credibility, communication, access, knowing and understanding their customers. in 1988 also the authors were able to reduce the dimensions by looking at reliability, tangibility, assurance, responsiveness and empathy. Tangibility This looks at the product, the physical facilities and communication materials that are used in marketing. In this manner, DSO will have to provide physical representations of the images or the services that their target audience and especially new people who will attend the DSO events a chance to evaluate the quality of their products(Baker, 2016). Tangibility will also look at the ability to perform the promised services by looking at the accuracy and dependability. In this manner, DSO will have to look at reliability in regard to the companys ability to deliver the marketed services, this is about customer experience, the solution of customer problem, provision of services and the pricing of the DSO concerts(Campbell Brown, 2011). In this sense, they should also remember that customer are always interested in companies or organisations which deliver what they have paid for, especially with regard to the core service attributes. Responsiveness With regard to responsiveness, DSO should express their ability to listen to the needs and desires of their customer. In this dimension thus, they will need to be more attentive and respond promptly to be able to deal with the requests from their customers, complaints, questions and problems. In this manner, responsiveness to the customer will entail being able to communicate to their customer through the length of time so that they do not have to wait for the assistance, or be able to answer questions and pay attention to problems(Gottlieb, et al., 2014). In this manner, responsiveness will also capture the notion on ability and flexibility that it provides to customer in terms of arranging the concert hours, days and genres. Assurance In this manner, DSO needs to always assure their customers of a great customer experience. They need to have more knowledge of their customer expectations and they should show this through trust and confidence. In this manner, the dimension will be very important for the services that the customer will be looking for and the risk that is involved and whether they would be feeling uncertain with regard to the ability to evaluate the much needed outcome(Gottlieb, et al., 2014). One example is an insurance company or a hotel room service. Customer will always trust and be confident that their needs will be met so long as the relationship is established. Empathy This will involve the caring aspect and individualized attention that each customer is given by the company. the main reason for caring will be to convey the message that customer are special and unique(Gottlieb, et al., 2014). In this manner, DSO should make customer make they feel good and understood as being very important to the success of DSO. Social segmentation DSO needs to ensure that their products are targeted to meet the needs of customer from different social and economic backgrounds including students and single persons. The quality, brand, scheme and the time given for the concerts and value for buying an album or event ticket should be the one that will influence the audience toward DSO. The main area here is the packaging of the product, it should be targeted at different groups of concert lovers because they are economically friendly and will also provide easy interest in the group(Dant Brown, 2009). They need to be able to target people with low income as well so as to make the product affordable for all groups. Segmentation should include different types of concerts and events by using demographic data. The importance of this type of segmentation will be to understand the wants and needs of their customers through the marketing mix. Segmentation is also demographic as different genre will fit different groups in terms of income , age and occupation. They will thus use this marketing research data in their avail to target different customer groups in the market. In the same manner, they should have an economic package which will be targeted at the young and middle class groups. The size, price and quality of the activities need to influence these groups to buy their tickets or records. This groups should be part of the segments since it provides one of the most profitable margin and it is also useful to the customers who are comfortable with the pricing instead of squashing them with one ticket and price tag for a record(Campbell Brown, 2011). At all times DSO should remember that its main mission will be to maximize its profit through ensuring that the product is accepted by the target through listening to the opinions of their customers and make the products up to the standard to attract more customers. market segment for DSO should thus ensure the use of life cycle customer size, reach and economic ability(Campbell Brown, 2011). The importance of segmenting it this way is that it will ensure customers buy their product at the right pric e, attend their concerts at the right time and they run the right promotion. B2C Target Market In the business to consumer segmentation, the DSO will have to with five categories of segmentation that will look at the demographics, geographic, psychographic, geodemographic and customer behavior. In these categories, the orchestra will be able to cover other characteristics of the customer that are measurable, descriptive, intangible or tangible so long as they relate to the consumers preferences and the relationships they have with the product(Dubelaar, et al., 2005). According to (Lloyd, 2005), geographic segmentation will look at the location for the DSO customer with regard to the variables like the country where classical music is most popular, city, climate, traffic and population density. Also when looking at the demographic segmentation, the orchestra will have to look at issues such age, gender, income levels of target customer, education, occupations, social class, and nationality. In this regard, the variable will provide a standard category that consumers have in terms of value to the group. In the same line, geodemographic segmentation for DSO will look be about analyzing people with regard to where they live. In this manner the group will need to combine the demographic and geographic information all together. The psychographic segmentation on the other hand will be looking at the lifestyles of the people who might attend the concerts or by the groups albums(Collis Hussey, 2013). This will look at their lifestyles, attitudes, activities, opinions and values of the potential customers. lastly is the behavioral segmentation will be looking at the actually behavior of customers with regard to their responses on the music that the DSO is producing. Some of the variable that the group can use in this is the user ratings, brand loyalty, how sensitive they are with regard to the prices, readiness to attend concerts and occasions. Market Analysis for DSO With regard to the DSO, the company will have to utilize two main strategies when segmenting and targeting a new market for their products. The first one will look at the brand strategy and the other one will concentrate on the pricing strategy. According to Aleksandrovich Timurovich, (2013), a brand strategy will happen when a group is able to find a way that can enable it diverge from other, they need to be able to differentiate what they are offering to their audience through creating a unique product and branding it in order to offer stands that are superior and relevant in value for their target audience. The DSO brand should be able to give them a value added of intangible assets, this could also be used in separating them with other music concert groups in terms of style, design, organisation and a combination of what the consumers expect from them, as this is the only way that they are going to gain in the market share. In this manner they need to be consistent when it comes to advertising of their products to create more awareness of their products(Dant Brown, 2009). When the customers become aware of the group and their product, then they will be in a strong position with regard to brand presence to the extent that it becomes the first thing in their mind when they think about classical music concerts. Brand awareness is thus good as it creates a reason for customer to continue buying tickets and albums and provides a basis for creating good customer relationships(Dubelaar, et al., 2005). One example is when DSO brand awareness is about the releasing of new products in terms of different genres for local audience and international audience so as to cover different markets for different preferences. For DSO thus, the main proposition of the brand will be entertainment. The main element of the proposition will look at the types of music genres they produce, they different groups they address, the mood of the music and keeping audience entertained(Dubelaar, et al., 2005). In addition, supreme follows with regard to innovation of a product, this is important as it enables the product achieve a long term objective by taking a form of timely and new products launches so as to enable the brand become more close in meeting the needs of different types of preferences from the consumers view. The second B2C segmentation will look at the pricing strategy that DSO will implement to their customers. this is a very vital strategy in influencing markets. When there is the limited use of the pricing strategy when it comes to holding and gaining competitive advantage, this will result to opportunities where companies that are willing to redesign their portfolios will come up with some unorthodox mix up in terms of strategies. One of the way that DSO can utilize this strategy will be through cutting the price of concert tickets which is one of the easiest ways they can be able to absorb customer(Lloyd, 2005). In this regard, the control of prices is a useful segment to fit different markets for the orchestra. One of the ways that this can be done is when presenting a new concert through cutting down the price of the first concert ticket to open the group to new audiences and make more customers know about the group. It can also include having free gifts like group T shirts, free autographed albums or buying one more than and getting another album free, or providing a special discount for this who attend their concerts(Dubelaar, et al., 2005). This will also be determined by particular seasons for the concert and dates as this is what is normally used as a criteria in the marketing industry to enable groups obtain more profits. In addition, such actions will also be useful in executing during the main event depending on the geographical setting of the concert(Dubelaar, et al., 2005). When it comes to the cutting down of prices, this may also increase the demand of the product, however, there could be a major barrier to use with regard to value pricing which is always meant to belief that the markets for entertainment industry are always elastic, meaning, pricing may not be a major determinant of customer appeal. However, one of the reasons that DSO can implement pricing as a B2C strategy will be on the grounds that it compares the exact right price which meets the customer expectations(Dubelaar, et al., 2005). In addition, if the group conducts a blind folded type of pricing it may lead to poor competition levels with its competitors. This in the end leads to poor sales eventually the group losing more profits and customers as well. This is because, in the event that customers get used to the purchasing of products on the sale price, it will become difficult for them to raise the price one more time. It is thus more unacceptable and the risk will eventually grow. In this manner, customer will also have to consider seriously on the price of the product, meaning that pricing strategy may not be as suitable in the long term. The group also need to focus on fits for the different criterion with regard to marketing strategies. The main heart of marketing strategies is to create value for the group. This is defined as the ration between the cost and benefits on what the customer gets and what the organisation is ready to give(Collis Hussey, 2013). In this manner, the suitability of the target should be one that is obvious, it should be able to improve the group recognition, the quality of their orchestra and the price should be able to serve the same purpose for the customer and for the group. This is the main missio n of marketing and segmentation. The organisation should also remember that marketing will entail other risks like investments in building sponsorship, advertising and the cost of holding and event. In this manner, segmentation should be a continuous process all along to ensure that both the customer and the group are satisfied. Conclusion In conclusion, marketing for DSO should consider both the long term and short term impacts. Segmentation should be done in a way that it is going to be suitable, feasible, and long term. In this manner segmentation will have become a tool which enable the group to identify different preferences of customers in various markets and provide them with the best possible product that is able to meet the group or individual requirements. In this manner they will also be in a position to bring a number of benefits for the organisation and the consumer. 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